The political suspicions aroused by his friendship with the younger Robespierre after 9 Thermidor of the Year III (27 July, 1794), the intrigues which led to his being removed from the Italian frontier and sent to command a brigade against the Vendeans in the west, and ill health, which he used as a pretext to refuse this post and remain in Paris, almost brought his career to an end. He was made a general of brigade in the artillery, 20 December, and in 1794 contributed to Masséna's victories in Italy. His military genius revealed itself in December, 1793, when he was twenty-four years of age, in his recapture of Toulon from the English. His attitude under the Revolution was that of a citizen devoted to the new ideas, in testimony of which attitude we have his scolding letter, written in 1790, to Battafuoco, a deputy from the Corsican noblesse, whom the 'patriots' regarded as a traitor, and also a work published by Bonaparte in 1793, 'Le Souperde Beaucaire', in which he takes the side of the Mountain in the Convention against the Federalist tendencies of the Girondins. These studies left him attached to a sort of Deism, an admirer of the personality of Christ, a stranger to all religious practices, and breathing defiance against 'sacerdotalism' and 'theocracy'. In 1785, when he was in garrison at Valence, as a lieutenant, he occupied his leisure with researches into the history of Corsica and read many of the philosophers of his time, particularly Rousseau.

His childhood was spent in Corsica at the end of the year 1778 he entered the college of Autun, in 1779 the military school of Brienne, and in 1783 the military school of Paris. at Ajaccio, in Corsica, 15 August, 1769 d.

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